α_1~-抗胰蛋白酶（简称α_1-AT）与疾病的关系是在最近廿多年来被逐渐认识的。1963年Laurell与Erikssou首先发现α_1-AT缺陷与肺气肿有密切的关系。Sharp等于1969年首先明确了α_1-AT缺乏与肝病的关系。此后有关α_1-AT的研究很导日渐增加，并引起国内一些学者的重视。木文将着重讨论α_1-AT变异型与疾病的关系，这对某些疾病的病因学及发病学的了解会有一定帮如。 The relationship between α_1~-antitrypsin (ab_1) and disease has been gradually recognized in recent years. In 1963, Laurell and Erikssou first discovered that α_1-AT deficiency was closely related to emphysema. In 1969, Sharp first defined the relationship between alpha_1-AT deficiency and liver disease. Since then, research on α_1-AT has been steadily increasing, and has attracted the attention of some domestic scholars. Mu Wen will focus on the relationship between α_1-AT variants and diseases, which will help in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of certain diseases.