城市五花八门,各有千秋,但城市治理却可以分离出权力模型和市场模型两种纯粹的理论模型。这两种模型在实践上都有其演进逻辑,古代是两种混合的模型,区别是权力多一些还是市场多一些。但有些城市走出了混合,走向了较为纯粹的市场模型,它们成了自由城市的典范。现代城市有了很大的发展,同样存在权力和市场的混合,但更多的城市似乎偏离市场模型而走向权力的模型,从而形成了一堵堵看不见的城墙。未来城市要克服过去的弊端,让城市真正充分自由地发展起来,就需要努力克服权力的干扰,适应市场的需要,让城市治理变成真正的公共治理。 City varied, each has its advantages and disadvantages, but urban governance can separate power model and market model two kinds of pure theoretical model. Both models have their own evolutionary logic in practice. In ancient times, there were two mixed models, the difference being more power or more market. But some cities have come out of the mix toward more purely market models that have become models for free cities. There has been a great development in modern cities. There is also a mixture of power and market. However, more cities seem to deviate from the market model and move toward a model of power, thus forming an invisible wall. If cities want to overcome the shortcomings of the past and allow cities to develop fully and freely enough, they will need to work hard to overcome the interference of power and meet the needs of the market so that urban governance can become a truly public governance.