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目的通过健康教育,加强尘肺病患者对疾病的认识,增强保健意识,提高生活质量。方法在住院初期、住院期间和出院后三个阶段,对患者进行多种形式的健康教育;并对健康教育的效果进行问卷调查,进行统计学分析。结果健康教育前,78名住院患者对本次住院相关的信息,有关尘肺病、治疗药物、膳食营养与运动的知识,自我护理和自我保健方法等知识的知晓度不高。教育后,患者对每一阶段相应知识的掌握程度与教育前比较都有显著提高,各知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。和刚出院时比较,患者出院6个月后的知晓率均有不同程度下降,但除了对生活中注意事项的知晓率,其他差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过健康教育,病人能有效掌握尘肺病的相关知识,消除不良心理因素,能够积极主动配合治疗,由此延缓病情进展,提高了生活质量。
Objective Through health education, patients with pneumoconiosis to enhance awareness of the disease, enhance health awareness and improve the quality of life. Methods Various forms of health education were conducted on the patients during the initial stage of hospitalization, during hospitalization and after discharge from the hospital. Questionnaires on the effects of health education were conducted and statistical analysis was made. Results Prior to health education, 78 in-patients were less well-informed about this hospital-related information, knowledge about pneumoconiosis, treatment medications, dietary nutrition and exercise, self-care and self-care methods. After education, the level of mastery of corresponding knowledge of patients in each stage was significantly higher than that of pre-education, and there was significant difference among all kinds of awareness (P <0.01). Compared with the time of discharge, the awareness rate of patients after 6 months of discharge decreased to some extent. However, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) except for the awareness of precautions in life. Conclusion Through health education, patients can effectively grasp the relevant knowledge of pneumoconiosis, eliminate adverse psychological factors, can actively cooperate with the treatment, thereby slowing the progression of the disease and improving the quality of life.