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背景据保守估计,目前有超过100万的澳大利亚人口患有糖尿病,且主要为2型糖尿病(T2DM)。胰岛β细胞功能逐渐衰退是T2DM的主要特点,在有效阻止该功能衰退之前,大多数患者应接受胰岛素治疗,从而进行持续有效的血糖控制。目的为初级医疗机构何时和如何开始胰岛素治疗提供实用综述。讨论目前的澳大利亚指南建议以每日一次的基础疗法或预混合胰岛素疗法进行胰岛素治疗。在非卧床护理机构中,两种疗法均可安全进行并实施注射,全科医生应对此熟知。
Background It is conservatively estimated that there are currently over 1 million Australians with diabetes and predominantly type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The gradual decline of pancreatic β-cell function is a major feature of T2DM, and most patients should undergo insulin therapy before they can effectively stop the decline, so that continuous and effective glycemic control can be achieved. Objective To provide a practical overview of when and how primary care facilities will begin insulin therapy. DISCUSSION Current Australian guidelines recommend administering insulin either as a once-daily basal or pre-mix insulin therapy. In ambulatory care facilities, both therapies are safe to administer and inject, and general practitioners should be familiar with this.