目的：探索ｐ１６蛋白表达与肺癌（ＬＣ）的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学技术（Ｓ－Ｐ法）检测１４３例ＬＣ组织中ｐ１６蛋白的表达。结果：ＬＣ中ｐ１６蛋白表达阳性率为５９．３７％，其中腺癌（ＡＣ）为６３．１９％、鳞状细胞癌（ＳＣＣ）为６０．２８％、腺鳞癌（ＡＳＣ）为５５．１１％、小细胞癌（ＳＣ）为２６．００％、肺泡细胞癌（ＢＡＣ）为７４．５２％。ｐ１６蛋白阳性表达率在ＳＣ与ＡＣ、ＳＣＣ及ＢＡＣ比较，其差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＡＳＣ与ＡＣ、ＳＣ及ＢＡＣ，有转移的原发癌与其淋巴结的转移性癌及无转移性癌的原发癌比较，其差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ｐ１６蛋白可能是ＬＣ预后判定的重要指标之一 Objective: To explore the relationship between p16 protein expression and lung cancer (LC). Methods: Immunohistochemical technique (S-P method) was used to detect the expression of p16 protein in 143 LC tissues. Results: The positive rate of p16 protein expression in LC was 59.37%, among which adenocarcinoma (AC) was 63.19%, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 60.28%, and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) was 55.11. %, small cell carcinoma (SC) was 26.00%, and alveolar cell carcinoma (BAC) was 74.52%. The positive expression rate of p16 protein in SC was significantly higher than that in AC, SCC, and BAC (P<0.01); ASC and AC, SC, and BAC, metastatic carcinoma with metastatic primary cancer and its lymph nodes. There was a significant difference in the primary cancer without metastatic carcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion: p16 protein may be one of the important indicators for the prognosis of LC