日本近20年常用合成类固醇治疗再障。合成类固醇治疗再障和其它血液病有效,但肝毒性是一个重要问题。1965年有学者首次报道 Fanconi 贫血患者治疗后发生肝肿瘤。1980年后相继有报告 Fanconi 贫血、再障、夜间睡眠性血红蛋白尿、性机能减退症等治疗后诱发肝肿瘤。本文报道2例再障长期服用合成类固醇治疗后发生肝细胞癌。 Japan nearly 20 years commonly used synthetic steroid treatment of aplastic anemia. Anabolic steroids are effective in treating aplastic anemia and other hematologic disorders, but hepatotoxicity is an important issue. In 1965, some scholars first reported that patients with Fanconi anemia had liver tumors after treatment. After 1980 Fanconi anemia, aplastic anemia, nocturnal hemoglobinuria, hypothyroidism and other treatment induced liver tumors. This article reports two cases of aplastic anemia after long-term use of synthetic steroids in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.