外贸企业竞争实力是一个受多种因素影响和制约的复杂的社会系统问题．这些因素涉及政治、经济、社会、文化等诸多领域，形成相互关联的特定结构．本文采用解释结构模型化技术，对影响外贸企业竞争实力的因素进行分析和筛选，构筑因素集．并利用有向图和关联矩阵定义各因素间的相互关系，通过对以上信息的处理建立多级递阶有向图和反映系统本质的解释结构模型，最后对影响因素进行具体的解释说明． The competitiveness of foreign trade enterprises is a complex social system problem that is affected and restricted by many factors. These factors involve political, economic, social, cultural and many other fields and form a specific structure that is related to each other. This paper adopts the method of interpreting structural modeling to analyze and screen factors that affect the competitiveness of foreign trade enterprises and build a set of factors. And the use of directed graphs and associative matrix to define the relationship between various factors, through the processing of the above information to establish a multi-level hierarchical directed graph and the structure of the interpretation of the system to explain the structure of the model, and finally explain the impact of specific factors.