在金属材料和热处理或金属工艺学课程中有关钢铁组织的状态形式多种多样,组织转变情况复杂。该部分内容既是课程的重点,同时也是难点。因此,如何提高教学效果是摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。我以为,除了抓住一种转变(铁的同素异构转变)、两张图(铁碳合金状态图、奥氏体冷却转变曲线图)以外,主要地还应把握钢铁组织变化的内在依据和动力。现对此谈点个人初浅的认识。我们都知道晶体有熔化及结晶,那么液态物质如钢铁从高温到低温时为什么会有结晶现象发生呢?又为什么结晶要在一定的温度以下才能进行呢?我们知道,在自然界中,包括结晶和熔化在内的一切自发变化都是由于新条件下的新状态具有较低的能量,因而也较为稳定这一事实引起的。即,一切的自发转变都遵循着自高能 In the course of metal materials and heat treatment or metal technology courses on the various forms of state of the steel, organizational change is complicated. This part of the content is not only the focus of the course, but also difficult. Therefore, how to improve teaching effectiveness is an important issue before us. I think, in addition to seize a transformation (iron allotropic transformation), the two charts (Ferro-carbon state diagram, austenite cooling transition diagram), the main should also grasp the inherent basis of the changes in the organization of steel And motivation. Now talk about personal first-level understanding. We all know that crystals are melted and crystallized. So why do liquid materials such as steel have crystallinity from high temperature to low temperature? And why crystallization should be carried out below a certain temperature? We know that in nature, including crystallization and All spontaneous changes, including melting, are caused by the fact that the new state under the new conditions has a lower energy and therefore is also more stable. That is, all the spontaneous changes follow the high energy