恩斯特·布洛赫在《希望的原理》一书中,对马克思主义的纲领性文件《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》展开了全新解读。在他看来,马克思主义并非简单的政治经济学批判,而是一种以劳动、异化和实践概念为核心的具体的人本主义思想。布洛赫的解读一方面恢复了“人”的主体地位,克服了正统马克思主义的机械经济决定论倾向,另一方面由于过度关注伦理价值,这种解读也背离了马克思主义立足现实追求人类解放的基本精神,其思想局限也是较为明显的。 In his book The Principle of Hope, Ernst Bloch started a new interpretation of the Marxist programmatic document, Theses on Feuerbach. In his view, Marxism is not a simple critique of political economy, but rather a concrete humanistic thinking centered on the concepts of labor, alienation and practice. On the one hand, Bloch’s interpretation restores the dominant position of “people”, overcoming the deterministic tendency of mechanical economy of orthodox Marxism, on the other hand, due to the excessive attention to ethical values, this interpretation also departs from the Marxist pursuit based on reality The basic spirit of human emancipation, the ideological limitations are more obvious.