最近,人们对生活环境污染引起的公害疾患愈来愈关心。自从“痛痛病”被认为系镉引起的肾机能异常所造成的骨软化症以后,在肾机能异常诊断时也有必要考虑由生活环境污染对健康造成的影响。除镉以外,已知其他重金属、有机溶剂、乙二醇、物理因素、诊断用药品、治疗药(包括抗菌素)、解热剂、杀虫剂及其他环境因素能引起肾机能异常。就重金属来说,已有人报告汞(无机、有机),铋、铀、镉、铬、铅、金、砷、铁、银、锑、铜、铊、铍、锰、锂等许多元素 Recently, people are increasingly concerned about the pollution caused by environmental pollution. It is also necessary to consider the health effects caused by the living environment in the diagnosis of renal dysfunction since “pain” is considered to be osteomalacia caused by abnormal renal function caused by cadmium. In addition to cadmium, other heavy metals, organic solvents, ethylene glycol, physical factors, diagnostic drugs, therapeutic drugs (including antibiotics), antipyretics, insecticides and other environmental factors are known to cause renal dysfunction. In the case of heavy metals, many elements such as mercury (inorganic and organic), bismuth, uranium, cadmium, chromium, lead, gold, arsenic, iron, silver, antimony, copper, thallium, beryllium, manganese and lithium have been reported