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针对煤矸石山复垦地水土流失严重的问题,在山西阳煤集团三矿280煤矸石山坡面上选取7种植被恢复模式,以裸地为对照,设置水土流失试验样方,观测不同植被恢复模式对土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响。结果表明:与裸地相比,不同植被恢复模式均对矸石山坡面土壤侵蚀和养分流失具有明显控制效果;下坡段的乔灌混交模式防治坡面侵蚀的作用优于上坡段的草本和灌木;减少水土流失的效果上坡段为荆条>紫花苜蓿>沙打旺>草木樨,下坡段为刺槐+柠条、刺槐+荆条和榆树+紫穗槐,但这3种植被模式对减少水土流失的差异不显著;通过偏相关分析,影响养分流失的因素依次为土壤侵蚀量>径流量>坡度>坡长;不同植被恢复模式对煤矸石风化物中速效养分质量系数也具有明显的影响。
In view of the serious problems of soil and water loss in reclamation of coal gangue hill, seven kinds of vegetation restoration models were selected on 280 coal gangue hillsides of No.3 mine of Shanxi Yangquan Group. The bare land was used as control to set up test plots of soil and water loss and observed different vegetation restoration Impact of Patterns on Soil Erosion and Nutrient Loss. The results showed that compared with the bare land, different vegetation restoration modes had obvious control effects on the soil erosion and nutrient loss on the slope of gangue hillside. Shrubs; the effect of reducing soil and water loss was upland section was Vitex negundo> Medicago sativa> Astragalus adsurgens> Shrubs, the downhill section was Robinia pseudoacacia + Caragana korshinskii + Jing and Ulmus + Amorpha fruticosa, but the three vegetation modes were reduced The difference of soil erosion was insignificant. By partial correlation analysis, the factors influencing nutrient loss followed by soil erosion> runoff> slope> slope length. Different vegetation restoration modes also had a significant effect on the available nutrient quality coefficient of coal gangue weathering material .