从今年初开始,以新企业法为中心的一系列改革法在苏联生效,改革出现了新的局面,而在其他社会主义国家,进入80年代以后,改革也进一步深入,受苏联改革的影响,现存的社会主义体制的发展似乎到了一个新的阶段。当然,改革无论就其动因而言,还是就其结论而言,都不能把它说成是单纯的“经济”改革。它包括不时出现的各种趋势,是社会体制整体改革的一部分,是基本部分,现在也依然如此。在现存的社会主义发展的历史上,提出这种“体制革改”的课题大致上是在50年代的后半期,但是在各社会主义国家,这种体制改革都有着复杂的内容和性质,是在崎岖曲折的道路上进行的,经过30年的历程,现在似乎正朝着探索新型“体制”的方向迈进。笔者在把苏联的改革当成是探索新型“体制”来看待之前,对现存社会主义的历史地位进行了一次全面的考察。尽管现在还尚未到可以确定改革的深度的阶段,但仍有必要对上述考察的框架进行新的探讨。 Since the beginning of this year, a series of reform laws centering on the new enterprise law have taken effect in the Soviet Union and a new situation has emerged in the reform. In other socialist countries, after the 1980s, the reform has been further deepened. Influenced by the Soviet Union's reform, The development of the existing socialist system seems to have reached a new stage. Of course, reform can not be said to be purely “economic” in terms of its motivation, or its conclusion. It includes various trends that emerge from time to time, as part of the overall reform of the social system as well as an essential part of what remains the same now. In the existing history of socialist development, the issue of putting forward such a “system reform” was generally in the latter half of the 1950s. However, in all socialist countries, such system reforms have complicated contents and properties. After 30 years of trying on the rugged road, it seems now that it is moving in the direction of exploring a new type of “system.” Before considering the Soviet Union's reform as a new type of “system,” I conducted a comprehensive survey of the historical status of the existing socialism. Although it is still not yet possible to determine the stage of the reform, there is still a need for a new discussion on the framework of the inspection.