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一、传统理解的社会主义长期以来,在传统的意识形态中,公有制、按劳分配、计划经济被看作是社会主义的三位一体的本质特征。这种概括在词句上部分地来自马克思、恩格斯关于社会主义“未来社会”的一些论述,但主要来自苏联模式,来自这一模式的斯大林理论和苏联的政治经济学教科书。因此,这种概括的实际内容是,第一,把社会主义公有制等同于国家所有制,并把国家所有制看作是现实中的公有制的高级形态;第二,把按劳分配看作是全社会唯一的分配制度,并把它理解为由国家作为最高中心来对全体社会成员直接进行平均主义的收入分配的制度;第三,所谓计划经济,即是从根本上排斥市场关系,由国家以行政性的高度集权方式来对整个社会经济实行直接控制的那样一种管理体制。
First, the traditional understanding of socialism For a long time, in the traditional ideology, public ownership, distribution according to work, planned economy is seen as an essential feature of the Trinity of socialism. This generalization of the phrase comes partly from Marx and Engels' expositions of Socialism “Future Society ”, but mainly from the Soviet model, the Stalinist theory derived from this model, and the Soviet Union's political economy textbook. Therefore, the general content of this generalization is, first, to equate socialist public ownership with state ownership and state ownership as the high-level form of public ownership in reality; and second, to regard the distribution of according to work as the only , And interpret it as a system in which the state as the supreme center should directly distribute the income of egalitarianism to all members of the society. Thirdly, the so-called planned economy means that it fundamentally excludes the market relations and that the state administers the administrative A centralized management system that exercises direct control over the entire social economy.