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大量研究采用最后通牒博弈发现人们愿意牺牲自身利益来维护公平,普遍具有不公平厌恶倾向。本文基于行为博弈任务对个体处于不同角色时的公平行为,从神经学层面做出新的解释,并对现存理论模型做了梳理。脑成像的研究发现,公平行为的相关脑区主要有负责情绪加工的脑岛和与认知控制相关的背外侧前额叶,内侧眶额皮层。前脑岛激活越大,个体拒绝不公平方案的可能性越大,而腹外侧前额叶可以调节前脑岛的活动,使个体采取更理性的方式,接受不公平分配方案。另外,睾酮素和催产素作为神经调节的激素,可以对公平行为起到调节作用,睾酮素通过抑制内侧眶额皮层的激活,增加对不公平方案的拒绝率,相反,催产素可以降低个体对于不公平方案的拒绝率,并增加个体的公平行为。
A large number of studies using the ultimatum game found that people are willing to sacrifice their own interests to maintain fair and generally unfair aversion. This article based on the behavioral game task on the individual in different roles of fair behavior, made a new explanation from the neurological level, and combed the existing theoretical model. Brain imaging studies have found that the brain areas involved in fair behavior are mainly the insula-processed insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with cognitive control, medial orbital frontal cortex. The greater the activation of the anterior forebrain, the greater the likelihood of individuals rejecting unfair programs, while the ventral prefrontal cortex modulates the activity of the forebrain, allowing individuals to adopt a more rational approach to receiving unfair allocation. In addition, testosterone and oxytocin as neuromodulatory hormones can play a role in the adjustment of fairness behavior. Testosterone increases the rejection rate of unfairness by inhibiting the activation of the medial orbital frontal cortex. On the contrary, oxytocin can reduce the risk to individuals Unfair rejection rate of programs and increase individual fair behavior.