“缓变型地球化学灾害”是通过长期积累而存在于土壤或沉积物中的包括重金属和有机污染物在内的环境污染物,因环境物理化学条件(例如温度、pH值、湿度、有机质含量等)的改变减小了环境容量,某种或某些形态的污染物大量地被重新活化和突然释放出来并造成严重生态和环境损害的灾害现象。这种灾害具有明显的特征,其定量数学模型可较完整地概括出环境系统从“干净”到“污染”再到“灾害”的整个过程,可以用于灾害的风险概率评估、预测、灾害爆发轨迹等方面的研究,为土壤污染防治和灾害预警提供了定量研究工具和可供实际采用的基本手段,对当前国土资源调查中的“生态环境地球化学评价”具有重要的借鉴意义。 “Graded geochemical disasters” are environmental pollutants, including heavy metals and organic pollutants that exist in soil or sediments through long-term accumulation due to environmental physicochemical conditions (such as temperature, pH, humidity, organic matter content, etc. ) Has reduced the capacity of the environment, the disastrous phenomena of massive re-activation and sudden release of certain or some forms of pollutants and their grave ecological and environmental damage. This kind of disaster has the obvious characteristic. The quantitative mathematical model can summarize the whole process of environmental system from “clean” to “pollution” and then to “disaster”. It can be used in risk probability assessment, prediction and disaster outbreak Trajectories and other aspects of research, provide quantitative research tools for soil pollution prevention and early warning and practical means for the actual use of the current land and resources survey of “eco-environmental geochemical evaluation” has important reference.