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1931年的水灾是民国时期最为严重的天灾之一。南京国民政府为此特成立了救济水灾委员会(简称“国水委”)。该文主要考察国民政府这一新设的救灾行政机构的特征与民间义赈的关系;从中国荒政史的角度,分析南京政府时期救灾行政体系的特点,进而联系民国史的研究,以更为广阔的视野来观察国家权力(官赈)与社会势力(义赈)的关系。
The flood in 1931 was one of the most serious natural disasters in the Republic of China. Nanjing National Government set up a relief and disaster relief commission (referred to as the “State Water Resources Commission”) for this purpose. This paper mainly examines the relationship between the characteristics of the newly-formed National Disaster Relief Administration and the National Relief Fund. From the angle of the history of China’s deserted government, this article analyzes the characteristics of the Disaster Relief Administration System during the period of the Nanjing government and further links with the research of the Republic of China’s history, A broad field of vision to observe the relationship between state power (official relief) and social forces (volunteer relief).