近15～20年,苏联黑色冶金矿山工业发展的特点是:露天开采比重不断增加、大型露天矿地位提高、露天矿深度增大。在第十一个五年计划期间,苏联铁矿石开采量将达到5.2～5.5亿吨/年。其中,露天开采比重将占总开采量的85～87%。有50%以上的矿石和废石将出自深度超过200米的露天矿; In the recent 15 to 20 years, the characteristics of the development of the black metallurgical mines in the Soviet Union are as follows: the proportion of open-pit mines increases constantly, the status of large-scale open-pit mines increases and the depth of open mines increases. During the 11th Five-Year Plan, the amount of iron ore mined in the Soviet Union will reach 520-550 million tons / year. Among them, the proportion of open-pit mining will account for 85% to 87% of the total exploitation. Over 50% of the ore and waste rock will come from surface mines more than 200 meters in depth;