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将实证分析与规范分析区别开来,将个人的主观价值判断排除在实证经济学之外,被大多数西方经济学家视为保证其研究科学性的关键。但事实上,科学就是科学家的活动,而科学家的活动总是受到特定的价值判断的影响,一切科学研究都离不开价值判断的影响。经济学的研究也不例外,它受到两类价值判断的影响,即方法论判断和利益判断的影响。本文指出,新古典范式是西方实证经济学的主流研究纲领,它统摄着西方主流经济学家的研究活动,是维护其经济理论以抵抗证伪冲击的关键要素。与这种方法论判断相一致的,是与资本利益相契合的第二类价值判断;作为资本主义社会的主流意识形态,它又为新古典范式的学术主流地位提供了良好的社会生存条件。总之,价值中立的实证经济学仅仅是一厢情愿的幻想,价值判断从根本上制约着实证经济学的发展。
Differentiating the positive analysis from the normative analysis, the individual’s subjective value judgment is excluded from the empirical economics, which is regarded by most Western economists as the key to ensure its scientific research. But in fact, science is the activity of scientists, and the activities of scientists are always influenced by specific value judgments. All scientific research can not be separated from the impact of value judgments. The study of economics is no exception. It is influenced by two kinds of value judgments, that is, methodological judgment and judgment of interests. This paper points out that the neoclassical paradigm is the mainstream research program of western empirical economics. It categorizes the research activities of the mainstream western economists and is the key factor in maintaining its economic theory to resist the falsification. Consistent with this methodological judgment is the second category of value judgments that fit into the capital interests. As the mainstream ideology of capitalist society, it provides good social conditions for the academic mainstream status of the neoclassical paradigm. In short, the value-neutral empirical economics is only wishful thinking, value judgments fundamentally restrict the development of empirical economics.