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在生物防治中,一种天敌能否控制其害虫,一方面取决于这种天敌的生物学和生态学特性,例如天敌的有效增长率,食谱的宽窄,作用期与害虫发生期的吻合程度以及对环境的适应能力等;另一方面又取决于天敌捕食量的大小或寄生率的高低,而天敌的捕食效果或寄生效果又受到天敌自身密度、害虫的密度和空间分布的影响(Hassell and May.1973)。所以,研究害虫密度和天敌自身密度对捕食效果或寄生效果的影响无疑对生物防治有重要的指导意义。苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerusm (Hausm.))是云南苹果产区的主要害虫之一,现在昆明地区、丽江县、宁蒗县和禄丰县均有分布。在丽江县绵蚜危害相当严重。为了给绵蚜防治提供科学依据,作者于一九八五年开始对苹果绵蚜的天敌种类及其作用进行调查研究。在苹果绵蚜的天敌中,七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata)也是一种常见的捕食天敌,在野外经常可以观察到七星瓢虫捕食苹果绵蚜的现象。为了了解苹果绵蚜的密度和七星瓢虫自身的密度对七星瓢虫捕食效果的影响,作者在室内进行了捕食实验,现将结果报道如下。
Whether or not a natural enemy can control its pest in biological control depends on the biological and ecological characteristics of the natural enemy such as the effective growth rate of natural enemies, the breadth and width of the recipe, the coincidence between the period of action and pest occurrence, and And its adaptability to the environment. On the other hand, it depends on the predation amount or the parasitic rate of natural enemies, and the predation effect or parasitic effect of natural enemies is affected by the density of natural enemies and the density and spatial distribution of pests (Hassell and May .1973). Therefore, studying the impact of pest density and natural enemy’s own density on the predation effect or parasitic effect will undoubtedly have important guiding significance for biological control. Eriosoma lanigerusm (Hausm.) Is one of the major pests in the apple-growing area of Yunnan Province and is now distributed in Kunming, Lijiang, Ninglang and Lufeng counties. Aphids in Lijiang County harm is quite serious. In order to provide a scientific basis for cotton aphid control, the author began in 1985 on apple aphid natural enemy species and their role in the investigation. Coccinella septempunctata is also a common predator in apple aphids, and it is often observed in the field that Coccinella septempunctata predies on apple aphid. In order to understand the density of apple aphid and the density of Coccinella septempunctata on the predation of Coccinella septempunctata, the author carried out a predation experiment indoors, and the results are reported as follows.