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通过连续2年4茬的田间试验,研究了冷浸田由单季稻改制为水旱轮作对作物生产及土壤特性的影响.结果表明:油菜-水稻(R-R)、春玉米-水稻(C-R)、紫云英-水稻(M-R)、蚕豆-水稻(B-R)4种轮作模式两年的水稻平均产量较水稻-冬闲模式(CK)提高5.3%~26.7%,其中C-R和R-R模式与CK差异显著.除M-R模式外,各轮作模式的年均经济效益较CK增加79.0%~392.4%,总产投比增加0.06~0.72个单位,均以C-R模式最高.水旱轮作模式均提高了水稻分蘖盛期叶片的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和净光合速率.轮作下水稻收获期的土壤锈纹锈斑丰度明显,尤其是R-R、C-R、B-R模式;各轮作模式下的耕层土壤水稳性大团聚体(>2 mm)数量均较CK有不同程度降低,而中团聚体(0.25~2 mm)数量(除M-R模式外)和微团聚体(<0.25 mm)数量则相反;各轮作模式的土壤活性还原性物质含量逐渐下降,而速效养分含量呈上升趋势.与CK相比,C-R和B-R模式的土壤细菌数分别提高285.7%~403.0%,B-R的真菌数提高221.7%,R-R、C-R、B-R的纤维素菌提高64.6%~92.2%,B-R的固氮菌提高162.2%,差异均显著.冷浸田由冬闲-单季稻改制为C-R、R-R、B-R轮作模式,对提高作物总产量和经济效益有较好的效果,土壤理化生化性状得到改善,表现出脱潜特征.
The effects of monocultures of single paddy crop rotation on crop yield and soil properties were studied in a field trial of 4 cropping plots for two consecutive years.The results showed that the effects of rapeseed - rice (RR), spring corn - rice (CR) The average yield of rice in two years was increased by 5.3% -26.7% compared with that in paddy-winter fallow pattern (CK), and the CR and RR patterns were significantly different from CK. MR model, the average annual economic benefits of each cropping pattern increased by 79.0% -392.4% and that of total output-to-output ratio increased by 0.06-0.72 units, both of which were the highest in CR model. Both the rotation and rotation of rice increased the leaf yield at the tillering stage , Chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and the rust rustiness of the soil during harvesting was significantly higher than that of the control, especially RR, CR and BR patterns. The topsoil water- > 2 mm) were all decreased to a certain extent compared with CK, while the number of aggregates (except for MR mode) (0.25 ~ 2 mm) and microaggregates (<0.25 mm) were the opposite. The soil activity reduction Sexual substance content decreased gradually, while available nutrient content increased.Compared with CK, CR and BR patterns Of soil bacteria increased by 285.7% ~ 403.0%, BR increased by 221.7%, RR of RR, CR, BR increased by 64.6% ~ 92.2%, BR increased by 162.2%, the difference was significant. TIANYU Dong-yong - The conversion of single-cropping rice to CR, RR and BR modes has good effect on increasing the total crop yield and economic benefits. The physicochemical and biochemical characters of soil are improved and the characteristics of desorption are shown.