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铋是一种比较稀少的金属之一,虽然在15世纪就已被发现,但一直到十八世纪中叶才出现比较纯的铋。现已发现的含铋矿物约有九十多种,平常见到的铋矿石为辉铋矿、铋华,但很少形成单一的铋矿床,而是与铜、铅、钖、钨等金属矿物共生。除部分铋矿物在精选钨、铜、铅、钖等时被分离外,其它则多富集在冶炼烟尘或电解车间的阳极泥中。铋的硫化物一般采用火法冶炼的方法提取,而烟尘和阳极泥中的铋,目前常采用湿法冶金的方法来提取。
Bismuth, one of the more rare metals, was discovered in the 15th century, but relatively pure bismuth did not appear until the middle of the eighteenth century. Bismuth has been found about 90 kinds of minerals, bismuth ore is usually seen as bismuth, bismuth, but rarely form a single bismuth deposit, but with copper, lead, 钖, tungsten and other metal minerals Symbiosis. In addition to some of the bismuth minerals in the selection of tungsten, copper, lead, 钖, etc. are separated, while others are more concentrated in smelting soot or electrolytic plant anode mud. Bismuth sulfides are generally extracted by the pyrometallurgical method, while bismuth in soot and anode slime is often extracted by the hydrometallurgical method.