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目的了解广东省人群乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染现状,评价乙肝疫苗免疫策略的效果。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法,对全省6县区3 927名1~59岁人群进行乙肝血清流行病学研究,用ELISA方法检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝核心抗体(抗-HBc),并调查1~14岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种情况。结果广东省1~59岁人群HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率和HBV感染率经标化后分别为15.46%、61.51%、49.46%和66.20%。1~14岁人群HBsAg阳性率和HBV感染率明显低于15~59岁人群。1~4岁人群HBsAg阳性率和HBV感染率低于5~14岁人群,而抗-HBs阳性率高于5~14岁人群。HBsAg阳性率和HBV感染率:男性高于女性,农村高于城市,城市人群抗-HBs阳性率高于农村。1~4岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种率为91.90%,全程接种率89.01%,首针及时接种率为58.38%,明显高于5~14岁人群。结论广东省仍是乙肝高流行区;乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫策略效果显著,1~14岁人群HBsAg携带率和HBV感染有不同程度下降,1~4岁下降尤为明显。
Objective To understand the current status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Guangdong population and evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy. Methods The multistage random sampling method was used to study the epidemiology of hepatitis B in 3 927 1-59 years old population in 6 counties in the province. The HBsAg, HBsAg and anti-HBs were detected by ELISA Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), and investigated 1 to 14 years old children hepatitis B vaccination. Results The HBsAg positive rate, anti-HBs positive rate, anti-HBc positive rate and HBV infection rate were 15.46%, 61.51%, 49.46% and 66.20% respectively after the standardization in Guangdong Province. The HBsAg positive rate and HBV infection rate in 1- 14-year-olds were significantly lower than those in 15-59-year-olds. HBsAg positive rate and HBV infection rate in 1 ~ 4-year-old crowd is lower than that of 5 ~ 14-year-old crowd, while the positive rate of anti-HBs is higher than that of 5 ~ 14-year-old crowd. HBsAg positive rate and HBV infection rate: male than female, rural than urban, anti-HBs in urban population positive rate higher than in rural areas. Hepatitis B vaccination rate was 91.90% in 1 ~ 4 years old children, the full vaccination rate was 89.01%, the first needle timely vaccination rate was 58.38%, significantly higher than the 5 to 14 years old population. Conclusions Guangdong Province is still the area with high prevalence of hepatitis B. The strategy of vaccinating children with hepatitis B vaccine is effective. The incidence of HBsAg and HBV infection among 1-14-year-olds have decreased to varying degrees, especially in 1-4 years.