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信访制度在创立之初对巩固政权产生过积极作用,但现行的信访制度已不适应社会发展的需求。人民民主理论是人民信访制度的理论基础。人民民主理论中的群众路线和人民内部矛盾理论对信访制度的创立和发展具有直接影响。人民民主理论具有自身的特色和优势,但是它重视实质正义而忽视程序正义。信访制度是一种封闭的、非程序化的民意表达制度,承担了多种不同性质的功能,破坏了国家治理体系,不利于法治建设。信访制度的特点决定了信访工作中的随意性和人治困境,因而不能有效维护公民的权益。信访制度改革的方向应该是兼顾程序正义和实质正义,完善国家治理体系,充分发挥人大制度、司法制度和社会救助制度的作用,以更好地保障公民权益和优化政治参与。
At the beginning of its establishment, the petition system played an active role in consolidating the regime, but the current petition system was not suitable for the needs of social development. The theory of people’s democracy is the theoretical basis of the system of people’s letters and visits. The mass line in the theory of people’s democracy and the theory of contradictions among the people have a direct bearing on the establishment and development of the petition system. People’s democracy theory has its own characteristics and advantages, but it emphasizes substantive justice and neglects procedural justice. The petition system is a closed, non-procedural system of public opinion expression, undertaking many functions of different nature, undermining the state administration system and not conducive to the construction of the rule of law. The characteristics of the letter and visit system determines the randomness and the rule of the people in the petition work and therefore can not effectively safeguard the rights and interests of citizens. The direction of the reform of the petition system should be both procedural justice and substantive justice, perfect the system of state administration, give full play to the NPC system, judicial system and social assistance system in order to better protect citizens’ rights and optimize political participation.