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本文考察了日语存在动词「いる」从动作动词「居(ゐ)」变化而来,并逐渐占据原本由「ある」占据的表示有情物的存在这一领地的过程,以及这一过程与存在形体形式「-テイル」的产生和语法化的关系,指出推动存在动词和存在形体形式语法化的动力是以人为核心的有情物在语言中的突出性和语言体系单纯化的要求,进一步指出「-テイル」之所以语法化成为对主语有情性和前接动词限制最少,最核心的存在形体形式的原因有两个:其一是存在形体形式体系单纯化的要求超过了用存在形体形式来体现以人为核心的有情物的突出性的要求;其二是「-テアル」沿着其发展变迁的历史轨迹逆向变化的阻力远大于「-テイル」顺着自身语法化的过程继续前进的阻力。最后,本文探讨了「-テアル」前接他动词,并以该他动词逻辑上的宾语为主语这一用法的来源,认为它是受存在动词「ある」表无情物的空间存在时,空间存在状态的主体与造成该状态的动作行为的主体不一致这一情况的影响而产生的。
This paper examines the change of the Japanese verb “い る” from the action verb “((ゐ)” and gradually occupies the territory originally occupied by “あ る” that indicates the existence of the material, as well as the process and the form of being It is pointed out that the impetus of the grammaticalization of the existing verbs and existential forms is the prominence of the human-centered sentiment in the language and the simplification of the language system. It further states that “- - There are two reasons why the reason why the grammaticalization becomes the most restrictive and affective existential verbs in the subject and the core of the existence of the formal forms is that there are two reasons for the simplification of the existence of formal systems: Humanistic core of the material requirements of the prominence; the second is ”- Te ア ル“ along the path of its historical changes in reverse resistance is far greater than the ”テ イ Hikaru“ along its own grammatical process of resistance to move forward. Finally, this article explores the source of the usage of ”-ter“ before him and takes the subject as the logical object of his verb. He thinks that it exists in the space where there exists a heartless thing in the verb ”あ る" The state of the main body and the state of action that caused the behavior of the main inconsistencies in this situation.