贯彻欧盟水框架指令(WFD)给欧洲水管理者提出许多新的挑战。监测计划在评估流域环境现状和确定其发展趋势,以及评估环境改善措施的预计效果等方面起着关键作用。尽管科学界都认同结合使用监测和模拟手段,但这种做法至今还没有在欧洲得到普及,主要原因是缺乏需要的技能、时间、信心以及不了解在实践中如何使用模型。同时,模拟的数据要求在很大程度上取决于模型得出的结果所要求的精度,所以有些问题还有待进一步研究解决。 Implementing the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) poses many new challenges for water managers in Europe. The monitoring plan plays a key role in assessing the status of the river basin environment and identifying its development trends, and in assessing the expected effects of environmental improvement measures. Although the scientific community agrees with the combination of monitoring and simulation tools, this practice has not yet been popularized in Europe due mainly to the lack of skills, time, confidence and lack of understanding of how to use the model in practice. At the same time, the simulated data requirements depend to a great extent on the accuracy required by the results of the model, so some issues remain to be solved.