袁文才、王佐对井冈山革命根据地的创建做出过重大的贡献,二人被杀酿成了我党我军历史上早期的一桩冤案。本文从论述袁、王被错杀事件的始末出发,结合以往研究成果,在发现和分析新材料的基础上,深入分析了二人被错杀的原因。土、客籍矛盾激化是袁、王被杀的最主要原因,中共六大《苏维埃组织问题决议案》为杀袁、王提供了政策依据,湘赣边界特委的错误认识和处理使袁、王被杀成为必然,同时袁、王自身的缺点错误也是被杀的一个重要原因,此外,红五军在处理袁、王问题上也负有一定的责任。 Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo made a significant contribution to the founding of Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base. The murder of the two led to an earlier injustice in the history of our party and army. Based on the discovery and analysis of new materials, this article elaborates on the reasons for the two being mistakenly killed. The intensification of contradictions between the soil and the Hakka people is the most important reason for the killing of Yuan and Wang. The resolution on the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China on the issue of the organization of the Soviet Union provided the policy basis for the killing of the emperor and the king. The erroneous understanding and handling of the special commission on the border with Hunan, The killing was inevitable. At the same time, Wang and his own shortcomings and mistakes are also an important cause of killing. In addition, the Red Army also has certain responsibilities in handling the issue of Yuan and Wang.