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目的了解孕产妇HIV抗体检测结果特点、内在规律以及假阳性情况,为科学实施艾滋病母婴干预策略提供参考。方法回顾分析2004—2013年广州市HIV抗体筛查阳性孕产妇样本的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)复核和免疫印迹法(WB)确证检测结果。结果 808份HIV抗体筛查阳性样本中复检阳性538份,复检试验阳性符合率为66.58%(538/808)。538份复检阳性样本经WB确证检测,320份为HIV-1抗体阳性,确证试验阳性符合率为59.48%(320/538);62份为确证检测不确定样本,不确定率为11.52%(62/538)。62份不确定样本中追踪45份,3份阳转,阳转率为6.67%(3/45)。S/CO值<4的样本,WB试验均未检出阳性,当S/CO值≥4时样本开始检出阳性,阳性率随着S/CO值升高而升高。结论孕产妇HIV抗体检测假阳性率较高,应根据实验结果并结合流行病学史等相关资料作出HIV感染判断,科学实施母婴干预工作,同时应积极采取措施规避假阳性结果。
Objective To understand the characteristics, internal rules and false positives of HIV antibody test results in pregnant women and provide references for the scientific implementation of HIV / AIDS intervention strategies. Methods Retrospective analysis of Guangzhou HIV antibody screening positive pregnant women samples from 2004 to 2013 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) review and Western blot (WB) confirmed the test results. Results Among the 808 positive HIV antibody screening samples, 538 were positive and the positive coincidence rate was 66.58% (538/808). Of the 538 retest positive samples tested positive by WB and 320 were positive for HIV-1 antibody, the positive coincidence rate of confirmatory test was 59.48% (320/538); 62 were uncertain test samples of uncertain test, with an uncertainty rate of 11.52% 62/538). Of the 62 uncertain samples, 45 were followed up and 3 were positive. The positive rate was 6.67% (3/45). S / CO value <4 samples, WB test were not detected positive, when the S / CO value ≥ 4 samples began to detect positive, the positive rate as the S / CO value increases. Conclusion The positive rate of HIV antibody test in pregnant women is high. HIV infection should be judged based on the experimental results and epidemiological history, and the mother-infant intervention should be implemented scientifically. At the same time, measures should be taken to avoid the false-positive result.