在临护病室 (ICU)中 ,感染的发病率是医院中最高者之一。然而 ,在这个重要临床区域 ,防止感染的设备通常是不足的 ,许多对抗生素具有抵抗力的细菌 ,例如抗新青霉素的葡萄球菌 (MRSA)、粘质砂雷菌和抗万古霉素的肠球菌(VRE) ,可能在环境中存活和繁衍 ,导致流行病反复发生。在英国、美国和欧洲 ,许多专业科研机构已经公布了ICU设计和布置的指导标准。所有这些标准 ,都强调了下列这些因素的重要性 :即足够的隔离设施 (至少每 6张病床设置 1个单间 )、每张床位周围要有足够的空间 (2 0m2 ) ,每隔 1张床位之间有洗手盆、高危病人的通风 (包括正反向压力通风 )以及足够的存贮和杂用空间。地板和墙壁等的设计应主要考虑到常识性以及安全性和舒适性。适当的清洁和消毒程序对于将ICU变成相对来说没有病原体的病房是很重要的 ,而且遵守洗手规定对于把这一高危区域的感染降到最低是绝对必要的。感染控制人员应支持ICU人员 ,支持他们努力更新设备 ,并且在财力有限的情况下帮助确保它作为优先项目征稿启事 In ICU, the incidence of infection is one of the highest in the hospital. However, in this important clinical setting, devices that prevent infection are often inadequate, and many are resistant to antibiotics, such as anti-penicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA), S. marcescens and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VREs) that may survive and multiply in the environment, causing recurrent epidemics. In the United Kingdom, the United States and Europe, many specialized research institutes have published guidelines for the design and layout of ICUs. All of these standards emphasize the importance of the following: adequate isolation facilities (at least 1 single room per 6 beds), adequate space around each bed (20m2), every second bed Washbasins, ventilation of high-risk patients (including positive and negative pressure ventilation) and adequate storage and miscellaneous space. The design of floors and walls should mainly take into account common sense as well as safety and comfort. Appropriate cleaning and disinfection procedures are important for converting an ICU into a relatively pathogen-free ward, and adherence to handwashing rules is absolutely necessary to minimize infection in this high-risk area. Infection control personnel should support ICU personnel, support their efforts to upgrade their equipment, and help ensure that it is listed as a priority item with limited financial resources