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随着国有企业改革的深入,与之相关的理论研究与改革实践皆要求更加复杂的机制设计,因此迫切需要更加扎实而细致的微观分析。文章从回顾各个流派对效率问题的研究视角入手,转向新制度主义经济学范式的微观分析,以交易为基本经济元素分析国有企业产生内部效率损失和外部效率损失的原因,结论是国有企业需要治理结构和监管体制的双重改革,只有在明确国有企业的三层治理结构前提下,对国有企业(其实是国有资本投资运营公司)进行分类监管,进而推进商业类国有企业建立多种所有制法人的现代企业制度,才能从内部和外部共同提高国有企业的微观经济效率和整个社会的宏观经济效率。
With the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises and the related theoretical research and reform practices all requiring more complicated mechanism design, a more solid and detailed micro analysis is urgently needed. This article starts with the review of the research perspectives of various genres on the efficiency issue and turns to the micro analysis of the paradigm of new institutional economics. It analyzes the reasons for the loss of internal efficiency and external efficiency caused by the state-owned enterprises by taking the transaction as the basic economic element. The conclusion is that the state-owned enterprises need governance Only by clearly defining the three-tier governance structure of state-owned enterprises, the state-owned enterprises (in fact, state-owned capital investment and operation companies) should be subject to separate supervision and regulation so that the commercial state-owned enterprises can establish modern systems of various kinds of ownership, Enterprise system in order to jointly improve the micro-economic efficiency of state-owned enterprises and the macroeconomic efficiency of the entire society from the inside and outside.