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水稻(Oryza sativa L.)垩白包括垩白率和垩白度,是重要的外观品质之一,对其他品质性状也有重要影响,阐明水稻垩白性状的遗传机制十分重要。近年来随着水稻功能基因组学和分子标记技术的发展,越来越多的垩白基因获得了克隆。本文综述了水稻垩白的评价指标、与其他品质性状的关系、遗传基础、垩白QTL定位和垩白基因克隆,并提出了借助显性核不育系进行轮回选择改良水稻垩白的分子育种策略,以期为水稻垩白性状的分子改良提供参考和借鉴。
Chalkiness of rice (Oryza sativa L.), including chalky whiteness and chalkiness, is one of the important appearance qualities, and also has important influence on other quality traits. It is very important to elucidate the genetic mechanism of chalky traits in rice. In recent years, with the development of rice functional genomics and molecular marker technology, more and more chalky genes have been cloned. In this paper, the evaluation index of rice chalkiness, the relationship with other quality traits, genetic basis, QTL mapping of chalkiness and the cloning of chalky genes were reviewed. The molecular breeding of chalkiness was proposed by means of dominant-negative genic male sterile lines Strategy, in order to provide reference and reference for molecular improvement of chalky traits in rice.