一、前 言 水库大坝的坝体安全与否直接关系到国计民生,大坝观测是人们掌握坝体运行状况,保证大坝安全运行的一种重要手段。由于坝基扬压力是影响大坝稳定的主要载荷之一,因此,它成为重力坝、拱坝及土石坝监控的一项重要指标。鉴于上述原因,国内外对坝基扬压力的观测手段进行了多方面的研 I. INTRODUCTION The safety of the dam of a reservoir dam is directly related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Dam observation is an important means by which people can grasp the operation status of the dam and ensure the safe operation of the dam. As the dam foundation thrust is one of the main loads that affect the stability of the dam, it becomes an important indicator for the monitoring of gravity dam, arch dam and earth-rock dam. In view of the above-mentioned reasons, many research methods have been developed at home and aboard for the observation of dam-yang pressure