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目的探讨肌特异性蛋白质在小鼠胚胎气道平滑肌的表达特点。方法用抗α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、抗α-横纹肌肌动蛋白(α-SCA)和抗结蛋白(Desmin)单克隆抗体,对胎龄10～18d小鼠胚胎连续石蜡切片进行免疫组织化学显色。结果胎龄11～12d,前肠分隔为腹侧的气管和背侧的食管。胎龄12d,气管起始段后壁出现α-SMA阳性细胞,提示气管平滑肌开始发育,随着向气管下段延伸,α-SMA阳性逐渐减弱,肺静脉周围仅见极少量散在的α-SMA和α-SCA阳性细胞。胎龄13d,气管平滑肌α-SMA表达增强,并开始表达较弱的α-SCA和Desmin。胎龄14d,互为镜像的“C”形α-SMA阳性平滑肌表达出现在左、右支气管壁,α-SCA和Desmin的表达强度弱于α-SMA,此时肺静脉壁呈α-SMA强阳性表达。胎龄15d,α-SMA阳性平滑肌出现在细支气管壁。胎龄17～18d,平滑肌发育已延伸至终末细支气管,并显α-SMA阳性表达,而α-SCA和Desmin表达强度开始减弱。结论气道平滑肌发育始于胎龄12d气管上段,逐渐向下段延伸,胎龄18d,延伸至终末细支气管;Desmin的表达标志着平滑肌细胞骨架结构形成和气道平滑肌逐渐发育成熟,有助于气道平滑肌缓慢收缩功能的完善;气道平滑肌的发育早于肺静脉管壁平滑肌。
Objective To investigate the expression of muscle-specific proteins in airway smooth muscle of mouse embryos. Methods Serial paraffin sections of embryos from 10 to 18 days old mice were stained with anti-α-SMA, α-SCA and Desmin monoclonal antibodies Immunohistochemistry was performed. Results gestational age 11 ~ 12d, the anterior intestine is divided into the trachea and the dorsal esophagus. The α-SMA positive cells appeared on the posterior wall of the trachea at 12 days of gestational age, suggesting that the tracheal smooth muscle began to develop. With the extension to the trachea, the positive α-SMA gradually weakened. Only a very small amount of scattered α-SMA and α- SCA positive cells. On the 13th day of gestational age, α-SMA expression of tracheal smooth muscle increased and began to express weak α-SCA and Desmin. The expression of α-SMA positive smooth muscle of “C” -shaped α-SMA expressed in the left and right bronchial wall at 14th gestational age was weaker than that of α-SMA on the expression of α-SCA and Desmin. Strong positive expression. 15 days gestational age, α-SMA positive smooth muscle appeared in the bronchial wall. The gestational age ranged from 17 to 18 days. Smooth muscle development extended to the terminal bronchiole and showed a-SMA positive expression, but the intensity of α-SCA and Desmin began to decrease. Conclusions The development of airway smooth muscle starts from the upper trachea of 12 d gestational age and gradually extends to the lower segment with a gestational age of 18 days and extends to the terminal bronchioles. The expression of Desmin marks the formation of smooth muscle cytoskeleton and the gradual development of airway smooth muscle, Smooth muscle smooth systolic function improvement; early development of airway smooth muscle in pulmonary wall smooth muscle.