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鉴于污染指标的不易测度,前人研究海洋渔业经济时极少从定量角度关注非期望产出。本文以海洋天然渔业水域污染所造成的负效应作为非期望产出,采用SBM(Slacks Based Measure)模型,对2004—2015年中国沿海11个省市区的海洋渔业经济效率进行评价,在此基础上采用Kernel密度和Tobit模型分析各省市区海洋渔业经济效率时空演化格局及其影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)基于时间序列视角,中国海洋渔业经济效率值持续低迷,说明近年来中国海洋渔业经济转型升级规制尚未发挥预期的效果;(2)基于时空视角,中国沿海11个省市区的海洋渔业经济效率呈现两极分化态势,且未得到有效改善,说明中国沿海地区渔业经济发展水平失衡;(3)基于全局视角,中国海洋渔业经济效率整体偏低,说明中国海洋渔业经济发展速度较迟缓;(4)基于产业结构视角,第一产业比重过高是影响中国整体海洋渔业经济效率持续走低的主因,技术水平偏低是影响海洋渔业经济效率的关键,说明中国海洋渔业产业结构继续沿用传统的以第一产业为主的模式在运行。为扭转渔民就业专业化水平与效率的负向关系,渔业转产转业政策需提质增效。未来中国海洋渔业经济转型面临体制转型和结构转型双重挑战。在以制度创新引领体制转型升级前提下,根据中国沿海11个省市区的不同资源禀赋,调整产业结构,优化区域布局,走特色差异化创新发展之路是提高海洋渔业经济效率的可选路径。
In view of the unpredictable measurement of pollution indicators, the previous studies on marine fisheries seldom pay attention to the unexpected output quantitatively. In this paper, the negative effect caused by marine natural fishery water pollution is regarded as the non-expected output. The SBM (Slacks Based Measure) model is used to evaluate the economic efficiency of marine fisheries in 11 provinces and municipalities across China’s coast from 2004 to 2015. Based on this, On the basis of Kernel density and Tobit model, the temporal and spatial evolution of marine fishery economic efficiency and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that: (1) Based on the time series, the economic efficiency of China’s marine fisheries is in the doldrums, which shows that the regulation and regulation of China’s marine fishery economy has not yet achieved its expected results in recent years. (2) Based on the time and space perspective, 11 coastal provinces The economic efficiency of marine fishery in the district shows polarization and has not been effectively improved, indicating that the level of fishery economic development in the coastal areas of China is unbalanced; (3) Based on the overall perspective, the overall economic efficiency of China’s marine fisheries is low, indicating that the economic growth of marine fisheries in China (4) Based on the perspective of industrial structure, the over-proportioning of the primary industry is the main factor affecting the continuous decline in the overall economic efficiency of marine fisheries in China. The low level of technology is the key to the economic efficiency of marine fisheries. This shows that the structure of China’s marine fishery industry continues Follow the traditional model of the primary industry in operation. In order to reverse the negative relationship between professionalism and efficiency of fishermen’s employment, the policy of conversion of fisheries to be used for conversion should be improved in quality and efficiency. In the future, the economic transformation of China’s marine fisheries faces the dual challenges of institutional transformation and structural transformation. Under the guidance of system innovation and system transformation and upgrading, based on the different endowments of resources in 11 provinces and municipalities along China’s coastal areas, it is an alternative route to improve the economic efficiency of marine fisheries by adjusting industrial structure, optimizing regional distribution, and taking the characteristics of differentiated and innovative development. .