采用激光增材制造技术制备了05Cr15Ni5Cu4Nb沉淀硬化不锈钢板件,分析了沉积态、调整态、固溶态组织经时效热处理后的显微组织、析出相及力学性能,并优化了热处理工艺。结果表明:沉积态组织主要由外延生长的柱状晶组成,柱状晶内包含多个胞状枝晶,枝晶间存在残余铁素体,沉积态组织抗拉强度为1128.5 MPa。经时效热处理后,残余铁素体消除,马氏体板条中弥散分布NbC颗粒和大量纳米级ε-Cu相。与沉积态组织相比,时效态组织的显微硬度和拉伸强度均有大幅提高,直接时效态和固溶时效态组织的塑性稍有降低,但抗拉强度分别达1440 MPa和1367MPa;调整时效态组织可获得良好的强韧性配比,延伸率与抗拉强度分别为16%和1164.5MPa。 05Cr15Ni5Cu4Nb precipitation-hardened stainless steel plate was prepared by laser additive manufacturing technology. The microstructure, precipitated phase and mechanical properties of the as-deposited, tempered and solid-solution-like structures after aging treatment were analyzed and the heat treatment process was optimized. The results show that the as-deposited microstructure consists of epitaxially grown columnar crystals with many dendrites and residual ferrite in the dendrite. The tensile strength of the as-deposited microstructure is 1128.5 MPa. After aging heat treatment, the residual ferrite elimination, martensitic lath dispersed NbC particles and a large number of nano-ε-Cu phase. Compared with the as-deposited microstructure, the microhardness and tensile strength of the aged microstructure increased significantly, while the plasticity of the direct aging microstructure and the microstructure of the solution aging microstructure decreased slightly, but the tensile strength reached 1440 MPa and 1367 MPa respectively. Time-aged tissue available good toughness ratio, elongation and tensile strength were 16% and 1164.5MPa.