拉丁美洲的独立革命是18、19世纪资产阶级革命的重要部分,但由于特殊的社会背景,这一资产阶级革命较之西欧、北美是很不彻底的。革命的主要目的在于推翻西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民统治,完成民族独立的任务。在要求民族独立的总的框架里,拉美各国又要面对“许多有关的基本和迫切的任务”,其中“有建立民主政治的要求;有肃清对工商业的中世纪限制的要求;有废除奴隶制、雇农制的要求,有平均分配土地的要求;有将教会和政府分离的要求。”① The independent revolution in Latin America is an important part of the bourgeois revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. However, due to the special social background, this bourgeois revolution is far less thorough than Western and North American countries. The main purpose of the revolution is to overthrow the colonial rule of Spain and Portugal and accomplish the task of national independence. In the general framework of national independence, Latin American countries also have to face “many relevant basic and urgent tasks,” in which they “have the requirement of establishing democratic politics; they have the requirement to eliminate the medieval restrictions on business and commerce; they have abolished slavery , The requirements of hiring farmers, the requirement of an equal distribution of land, and the requirement of separating the church from the government. ”①