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制冷剂低温喷雾冷却是激光治疗葡萄酒色斑的主要辅助手段,可以有效保护表皮不受热损伤。目前采用的R134a制冷剂不易抵消深色人种皮肤的黑色素对激光能量的大量吸收,采用沸点更低的R404a制冷剂可以更好保护黄色与黑色人种的皮肤。针对单个液滴建立了蒸发过程的理论模型,水滴蒸发实验的预测结果与实验结果非常吻合,验证了模型的有效性。利用该模型比较了R404a液滴与R134a液滴的蒸发冷却效果,发现R404a液滴可以达到更低的温度。分析了不同初始直径和环境蒸气质量分数对R404a液滴蒸发特性的影响,所得结果对于黄色和黑色人种激光手术治疗鲜红斑痣的制冷剂喷雾手术有参考价值。
Cryogenic spray cooling of the refrigerant is the main auxiliary means of laser treatment of the wine stain, which can effectively protect the epidermis from heat damage. The current R134a refrigerant is not easy to counteract the large absorption of laser energy by melanin from dark skin, and the R404a refrigerant with lower boiling point can better protect the skin of yellow and black people. The theoretical model of the evaporation process was established for a single droplet. The predicted results of the droplet evaporation experiment are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verify the validity of the model. The evaporation cooling effect of R404a droplets and R134a droplets was compared using this model. It was found that R404a droplets could reach lower temperature. The effects of different initial diameters and ambient vapor mass fraction on the evaporation characteristics of R404a droplets were analyzed. The results obtained were valuable for the cryogenic laser nevus in patients with yellow and black laser surgery.