公司的竞争对手多快就掌握了该公司开发主要新产品和新工艺的决策情报?宾州大学经济学家E·曼斯菲尔德对美国100家公司的调查结果表明:一般平均在12至18个月内有关开发决策情报就被竞争者获得。一种新产品或新工艺的详细的性能或工序情报被泄露的时间大致是一年。当从另一角度来观察这些数据时曼斯菲尔德就发现:由于在许多工业,一种新产品或新 How quickly does the company’s competitors grasp the company’s decision-making intelligence to develop key new products and processes? The results of a survey of 100 U.S. companies by the University of Pennsylvania economist E. Mansfield show that the average is between 12 and 18 Information on development decision-making within the month was obtained by competitors. The detailed performance of a new product or process or the disclosure of process information is approximately one year. When looking at this data from another angle, Mansfield discovered that: because in many industries, a new product or new