在这些导言性的论述中,我不打算对笛卡尔、莱布尼茨和维科的哲学作系统的描述。我必须局限于讨论一个问题:历史和历史真实性的概念。对以笛卡尔、莱布尼茨和维科为代表的三种思想体系进行比较,这将有助于我们理解历史观念的总的发展情况。这样,我们就能逐步探索新的科学观念的形成。在笛卡尔的哲学中,历史没有其立足之处。 In these introductory discourses I do not intend to give a systematic account of the philosophies of Descartes, Leibniz, and Vico. I must confine myself to discussing one issue: the concept of historical and historical truth. A comparison of the three systems of thought, represented by Descartes, Leibniz and Vico, will help us to understand the general development of historical ideas. In this way, we can gradually explore the formation of new scientific concepts. In Cartesian philosophy, history does not have its foothold.