西方民俗学者研究这么一种小群体:他们是在劳动性质上比较孤立的集团;他们具有亲密的集团意识,并有意地加强这种意识;他们掌握本集团的特殊知识,并有意地保护这种知识。他们的集团越小,这种内部意识也就越强烈。我国也有类似的民间群体,他们就是手艺工匠。手艺工匠是从农民阶层中间分化出来的行业集团,也是流动人口集团。他们游走四方,见多识广,凭借一技之长吃饭,依靠手工劳动谋生。手艺工匠种类繁多,民间对他们有各种称呼,如:“江湖四大门”、“五行八作”、“三卜六行”、“七十二行”、“三百六十行”等。人们 Western folklorists study such a small group: they are more isolated groups of labor; they have an intimate sense of grouping and intentionally reinforce it; they possess the special knowledge of the group and deliberately protect it know how. The smaller their group, the stronger their internal awareness. Our country also has similar non-governmental groups, they are artisans. Craft artisans are the industrial groups that have differentiated from the peasantry and are also the floating population groups. They walk around the Quartet, knowledgeable, by virtue of skills to eat, rely on manual labor to make a living. Craftsmen a wide range of arts and crafts, folk have a variety of titles on them, such as: “Four Rivers and Lakes”, “Five Elements for eight”, “Three Bu six lines”, “Seventy-two lines” “Three hundred and sixty lines” and so on. people