整体观就是系统思想,它来源于人类的长期社会实践。关于系统思想,恩格斯曾指出:“旧的研究方法和思维方法,黑格尔称之为‘形而上学’的方法,主要是把事物当作一成不变的东西去研究,它的残余还牢牢地盘踞在人们的头脑中,这种方法在当时是有重大的历史根据的。必须先研究一个事物是什么,而后才能研究过程。必须先知道一个事物是什么,而后才能觉察这个事物所发生的变化。……而当这种研究已经进展到可以向前迈出决定性的一步,即可以过渡到系统地研究这些事物在自然界本身中所发生的 The holistic concept is system thinking, which comes from human long-term social practice. With regard to system thinking, Engels once pointed out: "The old method of study and method of thinking, what Hegel calls metaphysics, mainly studies things as immutable things, and its remains are firmly entrenched In the minds of the people, this method was at that time of great historic foundation, and it was necessary to study what a thing was and then to study the process. We must first know what is a thing before we can see the changes that have taken place in it. ... and when such research has advanced to the point where a decisive step can be taken to make a transition to the systematic study of what happens to these things in nature itself