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目的研究微波辅助-水蒸气蒸馏萃取红足蒿挥发油的方法。方法以单因素实验及正交试验方法优化微波辅助萃取挥发油的条件,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析其化学成分。结果微波辅助-水蒸气蒸馏萃取红足蒿挥发油的优化条件为:微波功率480 W、料液比1∶10、浸泡时间4 h。在此条件下微波加热萃取29 min红足蒿挥发油的收率达0.29%,明显高于水蒸气蒸馏3 h的收率(0.23%)。挥发油的GC-MS分析鉴定出61个化合物,主要有石竹烯(13.85%)、樟脑(11.51%)、桉树脑(9.84%)、石竹烯氧化物(4.80%)、大根香叶烯D(3.99%)、α-芹子烯(3.47%)、1-松油烯-4-醇(2.50%)、桉叶-7(11)-烯-4-醇(2.50%)。与水蒸气蒸馏法相比,微波辅助萃取挥发油的成分和其相对含量基本一致,但也存在差异。结论微波辅助-水蒸气蒸馏萃取法具有时间短、提取率高的优点,适合红足蒿挥发油的提取。
Objective To study the extraction method of volatile oil from Artemisia selenges by microwave-assisted steam distillation. Methods The conditions of microwave-assisted extraction of volatile oil were optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results The optimum conditions of microwave-assisted steam distillation extraction of volatile oil from Artemisia selengensis were: microwave power 480 W, solid-liquid ratio 1:10 and soaking time 4 h. Under these conditions, the yield of volatile oil from Artemisia selenges extracted by microwave for 29 min was 0.29%, which was significantly higher than that of steam distillation for 3 h (0.23%). Sixty-one compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis of volatile oil, including caryophyllene (13.85%), camphor (11.51%), eucalyptol (9.84%), caryophyllene oxide (4.80% (3.47%), 1-terpinen-4-ol (2.50%), eucalyptol-7 (11) -en-4-ol (2.50%). Compared with steam distillation, microwave-assisted extraction of volatile oil components and their relative content is basically the same, but there are also differences. Conclusion The microwave-assisted steam distillation has the advantages of short time and high extraction rate, which is suitable for the extraction of volatile oil from Artemisia selengensis.