早在17世纪末,就有人制造出蒸汽机的原型,不过当时只作为“用火提水”的工具。半个多世纪以后,格拉斯哥大学的修理工瓦特改进并提高了纽可门蒸汽机的效率,并用了九年多时间解决了与工作机器的连接问题,才从纺织工业资本的原始积累开始,引发了人类历史上第一次产业革命。与其类似的是,19世纪中期人类就发明了电力装置,但是除了用于照明之外,几乎对生产力没有什么推进。直到20世纪初电动机的发明和电报电话普及以后,由国家垄断资本启动了一场 As early as the end of the 17th century, some people made a prototype of a steam engine, but at that time only used as a tool to “raise water with fire.” More than half a century later, Glasgow repairman Watt improved and increased the efficiency of the Newquay steam engine and for nine more years he solved the problem of connection to work machines, starting with the primitive accumulation of capital in the textile industry, The first industrial revolution in history. Similarly, humans invented electrical installations in the mid-1800s, but almost no productivity gains except for lighting. It was not until the invention of the electric motor and the spread of telegraph in the early twentieth century that a monopoly of capital by the state started