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MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是近年来发现于真核细胞中的一类长21~22个核苷酸的内源性非编码小RNA分子,它们由相应的基因编码,转录后通过一系列加工过程,形成成熟的miRNA分子。成熟的miRNA通过与靶mRNA的3’非编码区(3’UTR)结合,抑制mRNA的翻译或影响mRNA的稳定性,从而调节基因表达,在个体发育、细胞增殖、凋亡和肿瘤发生等过程中发挥了重要的调控作用[1]。据估计,30%的人类基因受到miRNAs调控,这也表明miRNAs可能影响所有的信号途径[2]。其中,miR-1存在于大多数动物种系,特异性表达于心肌和骨骼肌细胞,通过作用于组蛋白去乙酰化酶4(HDAC4)而促进成肌细胞分化,抑制细胞扩增,近年来研究发现其与肿瘤发生发展也密切相关,本文将就上述问题进行系统阐述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, non-coding endogenous RNAs ranging from 21 to 22 nucleotides found in eukaryotic cells in recent years. They are encoded by corresponding genes and are transcribed and processed through a series of processes to form Mature miRNA molecules. Mature miRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to the 3 ’non-coding region (3’UTR) of the target mRNA, inhibiting mRNA translation or affecting the stability of the mRNA, and in the process of individual development, cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis Has played an important regulatory role [1]. It is estimated that 30% of human genes are regulated by miRNAs, suggesting that miRNAs may affect all signaling pathways [2]. Among them, miR-1 exists in most animal germ-line and is specifically expressed in myocardium and skeletal muscle cells. It promotes myoblast differentiation and inhibits cell proliferation by acting on histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). In recent years The study found that it is also closely related with the occurrence and development of tumors, this article will systematically elaborate on the above issues.