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20 0 4年我国宪法修正案的第 2 0条与第 2 2条均将公共利益作为国家对土地以及对公民的私有财产实行征收、征用的理由与条件加以规定。尽管这两个修正案只涉及土地与私有财产权两个方面的内容 ,但是 ,却显示了这样一项法律原理 ,即公权力对私人利益单方面克减的目的只能是为了公共利益 ,由此而形成的是一种公法关系 ,国家应当承担相应的法律责任。基于任何公共利益之外的理由对私人合法权益的单方性克减乃至剥夺都是非法的。由此引发出一个中国法学界日渐关心的话题 :既然公共利益可以构成对私权克减的理由 ,那么什么是公共利益 ?怎样界定公共利益 ?如何避免、克服出现以公共利益为借口而非法损害私人权益的行为呢 ?为此 ,本刊特组文章从多方位对公共利益进行讨论 ,以深化人们对这一热点问题的认识。
Article 20 and Article 22 of our country’s constitutional amendment all make the public interest as the state’s reasons and conditions for imposing and expropriating land and the private property of citizens. Although these two amendments refer only to the two aspects of land and private property, they show the legal principle that the objective of the unilateral derogation of private interests by public power can only be for the public interest. Thus, The formation of a public law relationship, the state should bear the corresponding legal responsibility. Unilateral derogations and even deprivations of private lawful interests are unlawful for reasons other than any public interest. This has led to a topic of growing concern in China’s jurisprudence: since public interest can constitute a reason for derogation from private ownership, what is the public interest? How to define the public interest? How to avoid and overcome the public interest as an excuse to illegally damage Private rights and interests of the behavior? To this end, the article special group articles from many aspects of the public interest to discuss in order to deepen people’s understanding of this hot issue.