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伊格尔顿在《马克思主义文学理论》一文中,把马克思主义文学批评归纳为人类学的、政治的、意识形态的和经济的四种形态。其中人类学批评居于首位,被评为四种方法中“雄心最大、影响最远的一种”。他认为,人类学批评主要涉及一些令人生畏的根本性问题,诸如:“在社会进化过程中,艺术的功能是什么?‘审美’能力的物质和生物基础是什么?艺术与人类劳动的关系是什么?艺术如何与神话、仪式、宗教1
In his article Marxist Literary Theory, Eagleton summarized Marxist literary criticism into four forms: anthropological, political, ideological and economic. Among them, anthropological criticisms topped the list and were rated among the four ”most ambitious and far-reaching ones.“ He believes that anthropological criticism mainly involves some daunting fundamental issues such as: ”What is the function of art in the process of social evolution? What is the material and biological basis of aesthetic ability? Art and human labor What is the relationship? How art works with myths, rituals, religions