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第四次科技革命，是继蒸汽技术革命、电力技术革命、计算机及信息技术革命后又一次科技革命。四次工业革命，是以人工智能，清洁能源，机器人技术，量子信息技术，虚拟现实以及生物技术为主的全新技术革命。
In 2016， the World Economic Forum in Davos chose “Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution” as its theme. It was one of the first public uses of a term that has quickly entered the mainstream.
As a catch-all description of a wave of disruptive new technologies， some already in the wild and others in the pipeline， it brings together a diverse collection of products and services with the potential to change not just industry but wider society. They include 5G networks， Wi-Fi 6， the internet of things （IoT）， autonomous vehicles， artificial intelligence and machine learning， renewable power， 3D printing， blockchain finance， robotics， nanotechnology（纳米技术）， quantum computing and biotechnology. These technologies are already reshaping the labour market and our lives. To give just a few examples：
● In classrooms， children are learning from online software. Human teachers step in to help them with the parts they struggle to understand， once those have been identified by the app.
●Rather than employing a journalist to write a story about changing share prices， financial websites use algorithms（算法; 計算程序） that display neat graphs automatically and without errors.
● Police and private companies in the UK are using AI to look for the faces of criminals in crowds.
The fourth industrial revolution （or 4IR） is already creating ethical（ 道德的; 伦理的; 合乎道德的） and legal problems， the greatest of which may be the fear that robots are coming for our jobs. A 2017 report by global management consultants McKinsey said that as many as 800 million workers worldwide could be “displaced” by changing technologies between 2017 and 2030.
Already， according to Professor Andrew Scott of the London Business School， “thousands of jobs in financial services have gone as transactions（交易;业务;） have moved online.” Soon， he predicts， “people in marketing may find the tasks they perform being taken over by AI [and] new technologies could lay waste to a host of back-office jobs such as processing information for accounts or handling legal documents.” It sounds like bad news， but it’s not the whole story.
While 4IR is a challenge rather than a threat， it poses potential problems. Harford suggests that lower-skilled jobs may become simplistic and souldestroying， while Professor Scott thinks that people in the middle of the
In 2016， the World Economic Forum in Davos chose “Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution” as its theme. It was one of the first public uses of a term that has quickly entered the mainstream.
As a catch-all description of a wave of disruptive new technologies， some already in the wild and others in the pipeline， it brings together a diverse collection of products and services with the potential to change not just industry but wider society. They include 5G networks， Wi-Fi 6， the internet of things （IoT）， autonomous vehicles， artificial intelligence and machine learning， renewable power， 3D printing， blockchain finance， robotics， nanotechnology（纳米技术）， quantum computing and biotechnology. These technologies are already reshaping the labour market and our lives. To give just a few examples：
● In classrooms， children are learning from online software. Human teachers step in to help them with the parts they struggle to understand， once those have been identified by the app.
●Rather than employing a journalist to write a story about changing share prices， financial websites use algorithms（算法; 計算程序） that display neat graphs automatically and without errors.
● Police and private companies in the UK are using AI to look for the faces of criminals in crowds.
The fourth industrial revolution （or 4IR） is already creating ethical（ 道德的; 伦理的; 合乎道德的） and legal problems， the greatest of which may be the fear that robots are coming for our jobs. A 2017 report by global management consultants McKinsey said that as many as 800 million workers worldwide could be “displaced” by changing technologies between 2017 and 2030.
Already， according to Professor Andrew Scott of the London Business School， “thousands of jobs in financial services have gone as transactions（交易;业务;） have moved online.” Soon， he predicts， “people in marketing may find the tasks they perform being taken over by AI [and] new technologies could lay waste to a host of back-office jobs such as processing information for accounts or handling legal documents.” It sounds like bad news， but it’s not the whole story.
While 4IR is a challenge rather than a threat， it poses potential problems. Harford suggests that lower-skilled jobs may become simplistic and souldestroying， while Professor Scott thinks that people in the middle of the