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针对机车制动时的脱轨现象,研究纵向压钩力作用下13号车钩的稳钩原理。以4台SS3B型机车建立多机重联牵引3 000 t货物列车的动力学模型,机车车辆间的连接采用13号车钩,对其在30‰坡度长大下坡道上的稳钩能力进行分析。研究表明:采用止挡限位方式提供稳钩力矩的13号车钩,在其水平摆动到止挡位置后,其连接形成刚性的接触,当车钩受压时易导致机车的轮轴横向力和脱轨系数峰值瞬间增大,但持续作用的轮轴横向力和脱轨系数均在安全限制以内。结果表明,采用13号车钩的SS3B型电力机车在30‰坡道上能承受的最大纵向压钩力在1 100 kN左右。结论指出,列车制动时产生的纵向压钩力会导致机车车轮发生偏磨现象。
Aiming at the derailment phenomenon during locomotive braking, the principle of stabilizing hook No. 13 under the effect of longitudinal hooking force is studied. Based on 4 SS3B locomotives, the dynamic model of 3 000 t cargo trains with multiple reconnection was established. The connection between locomotive and rolling stock was analyzed by using the coupler No. 13, and its stabilizing ability on the downgrade of 30 ‰ slope. The research shows that the 13th coupler, which provides the constant locking torque by the stop limit mode, is connected to form a rigid contact when it is horizontally swung to the stop position. When the coupler is pressed, the lateral force of the locomotive and the derailment coefficient Peak instantaneous increase, but the continuous role of the wheel axle lateral force and derailment coefficient are within safety restrictions. The results show that the maximum longitudinal hooking force of SS3B electric locomotive with No. 13 coupler on the 30 ‰ slope is about 1,100 kN. The conclusion points out that the vertical pressing force caused by train braking can lead to eccentric wear on locomotive wheels.