Ⅰ.前言 白云鄂博矿区位于内蒙古自治区西部包头市以北150公里,为铁、稀土、铌、氟等元素共生的综合矿床,其储量之大,矿种之多是世界罕见的。该矿早在1927年由我国质学家丁道衡发现,1935年何作霖教授在铁石标本中找到了稀土矿物白云矿和鄂博矿(即氟碳铈矿和独居石)。中华人民共和国成立后即开始正式勘探和进行了大量深入的研究工作。 I. INTRODUCTION The Bayan Obo mine is located 150 km north of Baotou City in western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and is a symbiotic complex of elements such as iron, rare earth, niobium and fluorine. Its reserves are large and rare in the world. As early as 1927, the mine was discovered by Ding Daheng, a Chinese chemist. In 1935, Professor He Zuolin found the rare earth mineral dolomite and the Obo mine (ie, bastnaesite and monazite) in the stone samples. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, formal exploration began and a great deal of in-depth research was carried out.