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对死者的人格予以保护是我国司法实践中的普遍做法,学说对于这种做法的教义学解释大多采用间接保护理论。这种理论存在内在矛盾和体系障碍,应当借鉴比较法上的做法采用直接保护理论。人的人格包括动态和静态两个方面,人死之后,虽然丧失了人格的动态方面,但其某些人格静态方面能够脱离人的生命而继续,成为人格的继续存在。正是这种继续存在的人格使死者具有了在人格权法律关系中享有部分权利能力的正当性,也使其具有了获得人格权法直接保护的正当基础。因而,死者能够在人格权法律关系中具有人格权,获得人格权法的直接保护,但是需要有保护人代为进行保护。其人格存在的财产性部分和非财产性部分由于属性的不同,分别适用不同的保护规则。
The protection of the deceased’s personality is a common practice in our country’s judicial practice. Doctrine mostly adopts the theory of indirect protection for the doctrinal interpretation of this practice. There are inherent contradictions and system barriers in this kind of theory, and the direct protection theory should be borrowed from the comparative law. Human personality includes two aspects: dynamic and static. After the death of a person, although some aspects of personality are lost, some of his personality can continue from the human life and continue to be personality. It is this persistence of personality that gives the deceased a legitimacy of partial rights in the legal relationship of personality rights and also justifies the direct protection of personality rights. Therefore, the deceased person can have the personality right in the legal relationship of the personality right and obtain the direct protection of the personality right law, but the guardian needs the protection on behalf of the person. Due to the different attributes, the property and non-property parts of their personality apply different protection rules respectively.