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高精度在轨几何定标是星载激光测高仪有效应用的基础,在参考国外冰、云和陆地高程卫星(Ice,cloud and land Elevation Satellite,ICESat)卫星搭载的地球科学激光测高系统(Geo-science Laser Altimeter System,GLAS)几何定标的基础上,提出了一种基于地面红外探测器的星载激光测高仪几何定标方法。采用资源三号02星上搭载的国内首台试验性对地观测激光测高仪的真实数据开展了实验验证。实验结果表明:地面红外探测器能有效捕捉到激光测高仪对地发射的激光信号,几何定标方法能有效消除指向角的系统误差项,标定后平面绝对精度可提高到15.0 m左右,而华北某地高精度地形数据验证表明其绝对高程精度可提高到1.09 m,少量点高程误差小于0.5 m。虽然精度水平离国外GLAS还有一定差距,但相关结论能为后续国产激光测高卫星的优化设计、数据处理与应用提供参考。
The high-precision on-orbit geometric calibration is the basis of the effective application of spaceborne laser altimeters. In reference to the earth science laser altimetry system of the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) satellites Based on the geometric calibration of Geo-science Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), a geometrical calibration method of spaceborne laser altimeter based on terrestrial infrared detector was proposed. The experiment was carried out by using the real data of the first experimental earth observation laser altimeter equipped on the resource No.2 02 satellite. The experimental results show that the ground-based infrared detector can effectively capture the laser signal emitted from the laser altimeter. The geometric calibration method can effectively eliminate the systematic error term of the pointing angle. After calibration, the absolute accuracy of the plane can be increased to about 15.0 m, The verification of high-precision topographic data in a certain area of North China shows that the absolute elevation accuracy can be increased to 1.09 m and the error of small-point elevation is less than 0.5 m. Although the accuracy level is still far away from the foreign GLAS, the relevant conclusions can provide references for the optimization design, data processing and application of the subsequent domestic laser altimetry satellites.